Human blood pressure and pulse rate response to racemic epinephrine retraction cord

1. The pulse rate of patients after application of racemic epinephrine-impregnated retraction cords depends more on the level of anxiety and stress than on the level of the epinephrine. 2. Blood pressure is elevated by placement of racemic epinephrine-impregnated retraction cords upon an exposed vascular bed or lacerated tissue. 3. Four percent racemic epinephrine-impregnated retraction cords cause less elevation of blood pressure than 8% racemic epinephrine cords. 4. Although the elevations in blood pressure from 8% cord occur within a narrow range, this range may be hazardous to cardiac patients. Therefore, 4% racemic epinephrine cord should be used. 5. A desirable amount of tissue retraction is produced by 4% racemic epinephrine cord. 6. Dry cords do not provide adequate retraction of tissue and are contraindicated for tissue-retraction purposes.