Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 21, 2025

Author Spotlight: Collecting the Brain and Serum from the Same Mice Fetus to Study Brain Tumor Development
05:44

Author Spotlight: Collecting the Brain and Serum from the Same Mice Fetus to Study Brain Tumor Development

Published on: May 17, 2024

787

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Infants Fed with Soy Formula: A Retrospective, National Population-Based Observational

Eun Kyo Ha1,2, Seung Won Lee2, Ju Hee Kim3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

The Journal of Nutrition
|September 6, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Soy infant formula consumption showed no increased risk for epilepsy, ADHD, or ASD in children. This study found no significant neurodevelopmental differences compared to cow

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nutrition
  • Neurodevelopmental Pediatrics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Soy-based infant formulas are increasingly common.
  • Limited data exists on their long-term neurodevelopmental effects in early childhood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of soy formula consumption (9-12 months) on epilepsy, neurodevelopmental disorders, and developmental status.
  • To compare outcomes between soy formula and cow's milk formula fed infants.

Main Methods:

  • Nationwide retrospective administrative study in Korea (2008-2009 births).
  • Propensity score matching used to compare soy vs. cow's milk formula groups.
  • Outcomes included epilepsy, ADHD, ASD, and developmental status, followed until 2017.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in epilepsy risk between soy (29.8/100k PY) and cow's milk formula (22.6/100k PY) groups.
  • No significant associations found between soy formula and ADHD, ASD, or developmental delays.
  • 11,535 children received soy formula, 142,864 received cow's milk formula.

Conclusions:

  • Soy formula feeding is not associated with increased risks of epilepsy, ADHD, ASD, or developmental issues.
  • Findings are based on a large cohort of the general pediatric population.
  • This suggests soy formula is a safe alternative regarding neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Abstract

Keywords:
healthinfant formulainfant nutritionneurodevelopmentpopulation characteristics

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Studying the Impact of Maternal Dietary Deficiencies on Long-Term Offspring Health Outcomes03:19

Author Spotlight: Studying the Impact of Maternal Dietary Deficiencies on Long-Term Offspring Health Outcomes

Published on: June 28, 2024

547
Assessing Cellular Stress and Inflammation in Discrete Oxytocin-secreting Brain Nuclei in the Neonatal Rat Before and After First Colostrum Feeding09:12

Assessing Cellular Stress and Inflammation in Discrete Oxytocin-secreting Brain Nuclei in the Neonatal Rat Before and After First Colostrum Feeding

Published on: November 14, 2018

8.0K

Related Concept Videos

Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
3.1K
Bioavailability Study Design: Healthy Subjects Versus Patients01:15

Bioavailability Study Design: Healthy Subjects Versus Patients

Bioavailability studies are essential for evaluating a drug's therapeutic efficacy and understanding its absorption patterns under various physiological conditions. Conducting such studies on target patient populations provides more relevant data by simulating real-world disease states. However, practical challenges often necessitate the use of young, healthy adult volunteers as study subjects.Patients may exhibit altered drug absorption patterns due to the effects of the disease itself,...
25
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
52
Bioavailability Study Design: Single Versus Multiple Dose Studies01:11

Bioavailability Study Design: Single Versus Multiple Dose Studies

Bioavailability studies are essential for understanding how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted in the body. These studies assess the extent and rate at which the active pharmaceutical agent becomes available at the site of action. The design of bioavailability studies can involve single-dose or multiple-dose regimens, each with distinct advantages and limitations.Single-dose studies are the preferred approach due to their simplicity and reduced drug exposure for...
33
Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:  
828
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
459