The effect of regulatory T cells in Schistosoma-mediated protection against type 2 diabetes

In western societies, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is related to the hygiene hypothesis, which implies that reduced exposure to infectious factors results in a loss of the immune stimulation necessary to form the immune system during development. In fact, it has been reported that parasites, such as Schistosoma, can improve or prevent the development of T2D, which may be related to the activity of immune cells, including regulatory T cells (Tregs). Hence, Schistosoma, Tregs, and T2D share a close relationship. Schistosoma infection and the molecules released can lead to an increase in Tregs, which play an important role in the suppression of T2D. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of Tregs in the response to Schistosoma infection and the protective mechanism of Schistosoma-related molecular products against T2D.