Cutaneous and local radiation injuries.

Area of Science:

• Medical Sciences
• Radiation Biology
• Emergency Medicine

Background:

• Large-scale radiological or nuclear (R/N) incidents pose a significant threat, impacting numerous individuals.
• While acute radiation syndrome (ARS) is recognized, radiation-induced skin injuries are less understood.
• Cutaneous radiation injuries (CRI) can occur from various R/N events and may lead to cutaneous radiation syndrome, a subset of ARS.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of radiation-induced injuries to the skin, deeper tissues, and organs.
• To detail the history, nomenclature, types, causes, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of CRI.
• To discuss current research and identify existing gaps in the evaluation and management of these injuries.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and synthesis of existing knowledge on radiation-induced injuries.
• Presentation of historical context and classification of injury types.
• Discussion of diagnostic approaches and current/emerging therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

• CRI, a significant concern in R/N incidents, are often sub-syndromes of ARS.
• Diagnosis relies on scenario, clinical presentation, dosimetry, and advanced imaging.
• Multidisciplinary, research-based therapies show promise for future management.

Conclusions:

• Significant progress has been made in understanding, diagnosing, and managing radiation-induced injuries.
• Further research is crucial to address existing knowledge gaps, particularly concerning CRI.
• Effective management requires a multidisciplinary approach integrating laboratory and clinical findings.