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Related Concept Videos

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Source And Potency Of Stem Cells01:27

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...
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iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Stem Cell Culture01:17

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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Cardiac Cells for Myocardial Repair
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Pluripotent stem cells for skeletal tissue engineering.

Miguel J S Ferreira1, Fabrizio E Mancini2, Paul A Humphreys1,2

  • 1Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering & Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.

Critical Reviews in Biotechnology
|September 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human pluripotent stem cells show promise for skeletal tissue engineering. Advances in technology are making engineered cartilage and bone for skeletal repair more feasible.

Keywords:
Pluripotent stem cellsbiofabricationbioreactorsbonecartilagecell sortinghuman ESCshuman iPSCsoptogeneticstissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Skeletal tissue engineering aims to repair bone and cartilage defects.
  • Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), offer potential for generating skeletal tissues.
  • Current approaches vary, from utilizing intrinsic cell properties to mimicking developmental processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application of hPSCs in skeletal tissue engineering.
  • To highlight methods for generating authentic cartilage and bone tissues.
  • To discuss characterization techniques and emerging resources.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on hPSC-based skeletal tissue engineering.
  • Analysis of protocols using cell-intrinsic properties, co-culture systems, and developmental recapitulation.
  • Examination of tissue and single-cell characterization methods.

Main Results:

  • Various strategies exist for differentiating hPSCs into cartilage and bone lineages.
  • Emphasis is placed on generating functional tissues, not just cells.
  • Enabling technologies and advanced characterization tools are crucial.

Conclusions:

  • Significant challenges in hPSC-based skeletal tissue engineering are being addressed by new technologies.
  • The development of cost-effective and effective engineered skeletal constructs is increasingly likely.
  • Future applications for skeletal repair using hPSC-derived tissues are promising.