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Related Concept Videos

Protein Networks02:26

Protein Networks

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An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
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Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

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Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
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Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...
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Plasticity00:58

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Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
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Epistasis01:39

Epistasis

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In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...
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Many proteins form complexes to carry out their functions, making protein-protein interactions (PPIs) essential for an organism's survival. Most PPIs are stabilized by numerous weak noncovalent chemical forces. The physical shape of the interfaces determines the way two proteins interact. Many globular proteins have closely-matching shapes on their surfaces, which form a large number of weak bonds. Additionally, many PPIs occur between two helices or between a surface cleft and a...
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Inferring multilayer interactome networks shaping phenotypic plasticity and evolution.

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This study introduces a novel framework to analyze genetic control of phenotypic plasticity, revealing complex SNP interactions. The findings provide a systems tool for understanding environment-induced evolution in organisms like Staphylococcus aureus.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Phenotypic plasticity is crucial for adaptation, but its genetic underpinnings are not fully understood.
  • Understanding genetic control of phenotypic plasticity is key to explaining adaptive evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a unified framework for analyzing genetic control of phenotypic plasticity.
  • To investigate the genetic mechanisms of phenotypic plasticity in Staphylococcus aureus in response to environmental stimuli.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a quantitative graph framework integrating GWAS, functional genetic mapping, and game theory.
  • Decomposed SNP effects into independent and dependent components, extending the concept of epistasis.
  • Implemented functional clustering and variable selection to infer multilayer genetic networks.
  • Conducted two GWAS experiments on Staphylococcus aureus.

Main Results:

  • Reconstructed comprehensive genetic networks for abiotic and biotic phenotypic plasticity.
  • Demonstrated that SNP-SNP epistasis for phenotypic plasticity relates to protein-protein interactions.
  • Showcased the model's ability to identify regulatory mechanisms and uncover missing heritability.

Conclusions:

  • The developed framework provides a systems-level tool for dissecting environment-induced evolution.
  • The study elucidates complex genetic interactions governing phenotypic plasticity.