Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 21, 2025

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of PhosphorusI
Published on: November 22, 2016
A phosphorus-containing hyperbranched phthalocyanine flame retardant for epoxy resins
Penglun Zheng1,2, Rui Wang1,2, Donghui Wang1,2
1College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, 618307, China.
Abstract:
A hyperbranched phosphorus-containing copper phthalocyanine compound (DOPO-CuPc) was successfully synthesized and used as the flame-retardant additive to prepare flame-retarded epoxy thermosets. The addition of DOPO-CuPc led to a significant enhancement of the flame retardant properties of the epoxy resin. The 15DOPO-CuPc/EP composite obtained a LOI value of 35.8%, and the UL-94 rose from NR to V-0 rating. And the addition of DOPO-CuPc resulted in early decomposition of the epoxy thermoset, but the residual char at 700 °C reached 27.7%. The flame retardant mechanism was further investigated. It was found that DOPO-CuPc could release phosphorus-containing radicals and non-combustible gases in the gas phase to exert gas-phase flame retardant activity. In the condensed phase, the epoxy thermoset formed the expanded honeycomb-like char layer during combustion and the presence of copper phthalocyanine contributed to the stability of the char layer.
Related Concept Videos
Variables Affecting Phosphorescence and Fluorescence
Polymer Classification: Architecture
α-Bromination of Carboxylic Acids: Hell–Volhard–Zelinski Reaction
Photoluminescence: Applications
Phosphodiester Linkages
Phosphodiester bond forms when a phosphoric acid molecule (H3PO4) links with two hydroxyl groups (–OH) of two other molecules, forming two ester bonds. Two water molecules are released in this process. The phosphodiester bond is commonly found in nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and plays a critical role in their structure and function.
Phosphodiester Bonds Link Nucleotides Together
DNA and RNA are polynucleotides or long chains of nucleotides that are linked together. A nucleotide is...
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II

