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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 21, 2025

Non-Invasive Modulation and Robotic Mapping of Motor Cortex in the Developing Brain

Non-Invasive Modulation and Robotic Mapping of Motor Cortex in the Developing Brain

Published on: July 1, 2019

TMS Motor Mapping Methodology and Reliability: A Structured Review.

Rachel E Sondergaard^1,2, Davide Martino^1,2, Zelma H T Kiss^1,2,3

¹Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.

Frontiers in Neuroscience

|September 7, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This review synthesizes literature on transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) motor mapping parameters. It details how six key elements influence map outcomes, aiding study design and interpretation.

Keywords:

TMS methodology centre of gravity hotspot motor cortex motor mapping muscle mapping neuronavigation transcranial magnetic stimulation

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Last Updated: Oct 21, 2025

Non-Invasive Modulation and Robotic Mapping of Motor Cortex in the Developing Brain

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Measuring and Manipulating Functionally Specific Neural Pathways in the Human Motor System with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Measuring and Manipulating Functionally Specific Neural Pathways in the Human Motor System with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: February 23, 2020

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Neurophysiology
Medical Imaging

Background:

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive technique used to probe motor cortical representation.
Motor mapping via TMS is influenced by several controllable parameters, affecting map characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the literature on six key motor mapping parameters.
To discuss the influence of these parameters on outcome measures.
To explore factors affecting the selection of these parameters.

Main Methods:

A comprehensive literature review was conducted.
132 out of 1,587 distinct records were analyzed in detail.
Information was synthesized to form the basis of the review.

Main Results:

Key motor mapping parameters and their impact on outcome measures are summarized.
Feasibility considerations for each parameter are reported.
Guidance is provided for designing and interpreting TMS mapping studies.

Conclusions:

Understanding motor mapping parameters is crucial for consistent and reliable TMS studies.
The selection of parameters significantly influences the resulting motor maps.
This review supports informed decision-making in TMS motor mapping research.