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Related Concept Videos

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Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round...
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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
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Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
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Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is the inability to recognize faces. In severe cases, individuals with prosopagnosia may not recognize close family members, including parents and spouses, by their faces. For instance, someone with prosopagnosia might walk past their child in a crowd, only realizing their mistake upon noticing their child's distinctive backpack or favorite jacket. Prosopagnosia specifically impairs facial recognition, while the recognition of other objects or...
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 21, 2025

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Distinct brain dysfunctions underlying visuo-constructive deficit in DLB and AD.

Luca Beretta1, Giulia Carli1,2, Paolo Caffarra3

  • 1School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.

Brain Imaging and Behavior
|September 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Visuo-constructive abilities, assessed by the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure-copy (ROCF-c), are impaired differently in Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer

Keywords:
Alzheimer’s DementiaDementia with Lewy BodiesFDG-PET brain metabolismRey-Osterrieth Complex Figure-copyVisuo-constructive deficits

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Visuo-constructive abilities are crucial cognitive functions often impaired in neurodegenerative diseases.
  • The Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure-copy (ROCF-c) is a key task for assessing these abilities, sensitive to various underlying neural mechanisms.
  • Understanding differential impairment patterns in conditions like Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is vital for diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distinct neuroanatomical correlates of visuo-constructive performance, specifically the ROCF-c, in patients with DLB compared to typical AD.
  • To identify the brain regions associated with ROCF-c impairment in each disease group.
  • To elucidate the differential neural mechanisms underlying visuo-constructive deficits in DLB and AD.

Main Methods:

  • Studied 45 patients with probable DLB and 34 with probable typical AD.
  • Utilized regression analysis to correlate ROCF-c scores with brain hypometabolism patterns.
  • Performed separate offline Pearson correlation analyses to examine regional hypometabolism and ROCF-c scores within each patient group.

Main Results:

  • DLB patients showed worse visuo-constructive performance, while AD patients had poorer verbal memory.
  • In DLB, poorer ROCF-c performance correlated with hypometabolism in occipital and temporo-parietal regions.
  • In AD, poorer ROCF-c performance was associated with temporo-parietal hypometabolism.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals distinct neural underpinnings for ROCF-c deficits in DLB and AD.
  • Severe occipital hypometabolism in DLB suggests primary visuoperceptual processing alterations.
  • Temporo-parietal hypometabolism in AD points towards visuospatial processing deficits.