Predictors of lung function trajectories in population-based studies: A systematic review

Area of Science:

• Pulmonology
• Epidemiology
• Life Course Research

Background:

• Lung function trajectories and their risk factors are increasingly studied.
• A systematic synthesis of this literature is lacking.
• Understanding life-course lung function is vital for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and synthesize evidence on lung function trajectories over the life course.
• To identify key risk factors associated with different lung function trajectories.
• To inform interventions for promoting lung health.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases.
• Inclusion of studies modeling lung function trajectories with reported exposures.
• Qualitative synthesis due to heterogeneity; meta-analysis not feasible.

Main Results:

• Nine publications were included, using group-based trajectory modeling or latent profile analysis.
• Childhood risk factors include low birth weight, early wheezing, asthma, allergies, infections, and secondhand smoke.
• Adult risk factors include active asthma and smoking, associated with accelerated decline.
• Ten risk factors identified across growth, catch-up, plateau, and decline trajectories.

Conclusions:

• Childhood asthma, infections, and environmental smoke exposure are critical targets for intervention.
• Addressing these factors can promote lung health and prevent abnormal lung function trajectories.
• Interventions across the lifespan are necessary for optimal respiratory outcomes.