Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Causes of Similarity-Dissimilarity Effect01:26

Causes of Similarity-Dissimilarity Effect

53
The similarity-dissimilarity effect, a fundamental concept in social psychology, explains how interpersonal similarities and differences influence attraction and social interactions. This effect is supported by three key psychological perspectives: balance theory, social comparison theory, and consensual validation.Balance Theory and Cognitive ConsistencyBalance theory, developed by Fritz Heider, posits that individuals seek cognitive consistency in their relationships. When two people share...
53
Correspondence Bias01:17

Correspondence Bias

29
Correspondence bias, also referred to as the fundamental attribution error, describes the tendency to attribute another person’s behavior to internal characteristics rather than situational influences. This cognitive bias leads individuals to overlook external factors that may be influencing actions, thereby fostering potentially inaccurate assessments of others’ intentions and dispositions.Empirical Evidence for Correspondence BiasResearch has consistently demonstrated the...
29
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

509
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
509
Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

524
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
524
The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic01:25

The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic

7.5K
In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the...
7.5K
Factors Influencing Attraction III: Similarity01:23

Factors Influencing Attraction III: Similarity

38
The similarity hypothesis suggests that individuals are more likely to form relationships with others who share similar attitudes, beliefs, values, and interests. This concept has been widely studied in social psychology, demonstrating that perceived similarity fosters interpersonal attraction. In an experiment supporting this hypothesis, participants were presented with fabricated information indicating that strangers held attitudes similar to their own. The results showed that participants...
38

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Language models do not yet achieve explanatory adequacy because language is more than incremental prediction.

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2026
Same author

Children's narrow learning bottleneck accelerates the emergence of statistical properties of language.

Cognition·2026
Same author

Domain-general categorisation explains constrained cross-linguistic variation in noun classification.

Cognition·2026
Same author

Cultural Transmission Promotes the Emergence of Statistical Properties That Support Language Learning.

Cognitive science·2025
Same author

With or Without a System: How Category-Specific and System-Wide Cognitive Biases Shape Word Order.

Cognitive science·2025
Same author

What enables human language? A biocultural framework.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 21, 2025

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
09:27

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

10.3K

Conceptual Similarity and Communicative Need Shape Colexification: An Experimental Study.

Andres Karjus1,2,3, Richard A Blythe3,4, Simon Kirby3

  • 1ERA Chair for Cultural Data Analytics, Tallinn University.

Cognitive Science
|September 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Speakers colexify similar meanings, but adjust preferences to avoid confusion when communication demands distinguishing concepts. This highlights how language adapts to user needs.

Keywords:
Artificial languageCognitive costColexificationCommunicative costCommunicative needComplexityExperimentalExpressivity

More Related Videos

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects
07:36

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Published on: November 30, 2018

15.9K
The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

11.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 21, 2025

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
09:27

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

10.3K
Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects
07:36

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Published on: November 30, 2018

15.9K
The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

11.0K

Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psycholinguistics

Background:

  • Colexification, where one word denotes multiple meanings, is common across languages.
  • Cross-linguistic studies suggest colexification patterns are predictable, often linking similar concepts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of communicative needs in shaping colexification patterns.
  • To test whether speakers adjust colexification based on the frequency of distinguishing similar meanings.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an artificial language communication game paradigm with human participants.
  • Conducted a series of four experiments to observe colexification choices.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed the general tendency for speakers to colexify similar concepts.
  • Found evidence that speakers modify colexification to enhance communicative efficiency when distinguishing similar meanings is crucial.

Conclusions:

  • Language structure, specifically colexification, is influenced by both inherent conceptual similarity and functional communicative pressures.
  • Speakers actively shape language to optimize information transmission based on communicative demands.