Surgical setup for cardiopulmonary bypass through central cannulation

The introduction of cardiopulmonary bypass was one of the most important clinical advances of 1952. In that year, John Gibbon performed the first successful cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass. The procedure has been described as "One of the most impressive evidences of the role of investigative surgery in the history of medicine in the persevering efforts of Dr. Gibbon for more than 20 years, which finally culminated in a practical heart-lung machine", at the first John H. Gibbon, Jr. Lecture at the annual meeting of the American College of Surgeons. Due to on-going advancements in cardiopulmonary bypass, many patients with complex heart disease requiring surgical care undergo cardiac surgery while the other organs remain adequately oxygenated and perfused. This tutorial discusses the access, surgical technique, and initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass through central cannulation and describes the safeguards and pitfalls.