Optimal control of the compositions, interfaces, and defects of hollow sulfide for electromagnetic wave absorption

The aimlessness in the selection of dielectric absorbing materials and the regulation of complex permittivity consumes time and resources. It is an effective way to construct electromagnetic wave (EMW)-absorbing materials dominated by dielectric loss to select materials and adjust complex permittivity based on theory. With sulfide as an example, a hollow ZnO/ZnS composite was constructed using ZnO as a hard template. Subsequently, based on the diverse binding ability of Cu and Zn ions to S ions, the compositions, interfaces, and defects of the sample were simultaneously regulated. There was competition and synergy between the relaxation process caused by the defects and interfaces and the conductivity loss, resulting in the regulation of complex permittivity. Furthermore, the hollow structure effectively reduced the density of the material and improved the impedance matching ability of the sample. As a result, the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of the hollow nanoflower ZnO/ZnS/CuS composite reached 5.2 GHz (from 12.8 to 18 GHz) with a matching thickness of 1.59 mm. This method provides a direction for ameliorating the complex permittivity of EMW-absorbing materials dominated by dielectric loss to realize broadband absorption.