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Isolation of Cortical Microglia with Preserved Immunophenotype and Functionality From Murine Neonates
Published on: January 30, 2014
NOX2 activation contributes to cobalt nanoparticles-induced inflammatory responses and Tau phosphorylation in mice
Jing Li1, Junxiang Wang1, Yuan-Liang Wang1
1Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, China.
Abstract:
Despite the wide application of cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs), its neurotoxicity and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, CoNPs-induced toxic effect was examined in both C57BL/6J mice and microglial BV2 cells. CoNPs-induced brain weight loss and the reduction of Nissl bodies, assuring neural damage. Moreover, both total unphosphorylated Tau and phosphorylated Tau (pTau; T231 and S262) expressions in the hippocampus and cortex were upregulated, unveiling Tau phosphorylation. Besides, the increase in inflammation-related proteins NLRP3 and IL-1β were found in mice brain. Corroborating that, microglial marker Iba-1 expression was also increased, suggesting microglia-involved inflammation. Among the NADPH oxidase (NOX) family proteins tested, only NOX2 was activated by CoNPs in hippocampus. Therefore, BV2 cells were employed to further investigate the role of NOX2. In BV2 cells, NOX2 expression was upregulated, corresponding to the production of ROS. Moreover, similar induction in Tau phosphorylation and inflammation-related protein expressions were observed in CoNPs-exposed BV2 cells. Treatment of apocynin, a NOX2 inhibitor, reduced ROS generation and reversed Tau phosphorylation and inflammation caused by CoNPs. Thus, CoNPs induced ROS production, Tau phosphorylation and inflammation specially via NOX2 activation.
