Recommendations to optimize life-long health and wellbeing for people born preterm

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Neonatology
• Adult Primary Care

Background:

• Preterm birth affects 10% of US births and 5-18% globally, with increasing survival rates.
• Many individuals born preterm receive lifelong healthcare without their birth history being assessed.
• Limited neonatal or developmental follow-up referrals are common for preterm infants discharged home.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review evidence-based recommendations for addressing preterm birth history across the lifespan.
• To increase awareness among adult healthcare providers regarding the long-term health implications of preterm birth.
• To shift adult healthcare from reactive intervention to proactive preventive care for individuals with a preterm birth history.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of recently published, evidence-based recommendations.
• Analysis of long-term sequelae associated with preterm birth.
• Synthesis of recommendations for assessment, diagnosis, prevention, management, referral, and treatment.

Main Results:

• A history of preterm birth is linked to adverse long-term health effects and reduced quality of life.
• Evidence supports the need for specific screening and management strategies for this population.
• Recommendations cover the continuum of care from initial assessment to ongoing management.

Conclusions:

• Adult care providers must acknowledge preterm birth history as a significant factor in lifelong health.
• Implementing proactive preventive care based on preterm birth history can mitigate long-term health risks.
• Establishing clear guidelines for managing individuals with a preterm birth history is crucial for improving health outcomes.