Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure of Solutions02:40

Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure of Solutions

43.0K
A number of natural and synthetic materials exhibit selective permeation, meaning that only molecules or ions of a certain size, shape, polarity, charge, and so forth, are capable of passing through (permeating) the material. Biological cell membranes provide elegant examples of selective permeation in nature, while dialysis tubing used to remove metabolic wastes from blood is a more simplistic technological example. Regardless of how they may be fabricated, these materials are generally...
43.0K
Dialysis01:15

Dialysis

931
Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...
931
Responses to Salt Stress02:02

Responses to Salt Stress

13.6K
Salt stress—which can be triggered by high salt concentrations in a plant’s environment—can significantly affect plant growth and crop production by influencing photosynthesis and the absorption of water and nutrients.
13.6K
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

732
Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
732
Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

917
Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at...
917
Factors Influencing Microbial Growth: Osmolarity01:28

Factors Influencing Microbial Growth: Osmolarity

315
Osmolarity is the measure of solute concentration in a solution. It plays a critical role in determining water availability for organisms. Water moves across semipermeable membranes through osmosis, flowing from regions of lower solute concentration (more dilute) to regions of higher solute concentration (more concentrated).In high-solute environments, microbial cells lose water, leading to dehydration and inhibited growth. The extent to which water is available to microbes in such environments...
315

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Model-based economic analysis under uncertainty for PFAS treatment by granular activated carbon and ion exchange technologies.

Journal of environmental management·2026
Same author

Assessing the Accuracy of Property Model Predictions for Cost Optimization of Desalination Technologies.

ACS ES&T engineering·2026
Same author

Load-Shifting Strategies for Cost-Effective Emission Reductions at Wastewater Facilities.

Environmental science & technology·2025
Same author

Component innovations for lower cost mechanical vapor compression.

Water research·2024
Same author

Modeling Framework for Cost Optimization of Process-Scale Desalination Systems with Mineral Scaling and Precipitation.

ACS ES&T engineering·2024
Same author

Electricity and natural gas tariffs at United States wastewater treatment plants.

Scientific data·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 21, 2025

Proof-of-Concept for Gas-Entrapping Membranes Derived from Water-Loving SiO2/Si/SiO2 Wafers for Green Desalination
09:39

Proof-of-Concept for Gas-Entrapping Membranes Derived from Water-Loving SiO2/Si/SiO2 Wafers for Green Desalination

Published on: March 1, 2020

7.6K

High-impact innovations for high-salinity membrane desalination.

Alexander V Dudchenko1, Timothy V Bartholomew2,3, Meagan S Mauter4

  • 1Applied Energy Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|September 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Developing cost-effective high-salinity brine concentration technology is crucial. This study introduces novel methods using cost optimization models to identify high-impact innovations for reducing water costs.

Keywords:
cost optimizationdesalinationinnovationosmotically assisted reverse osmosistechnoeconomic analysis

More Related Videos

Ion-Exchange Membranes for the Fabrication of Reverse Electrodialysis Device
07:55

Ion-Exchange Membranes for the Fabrication of Reverse Electrodialysis Device

Published on: July 20, 2021

11.1K
An Efficient Method for Selective Desalination of Radioactive Iodine Anions by Using Gold Nanoparticles-Embedded Membrane Filter
07:28

An Efficient Method for Selective Desalination of Radioactive Iodine Anions by Using Gold Nanoparticles-Embedded Membrane Filter

Published on: July 13, 2018

7.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 21, 2025

Proof-of-Concept for Gas-Entrapping Membranes Derived from Water-Loving SiO2/Si/SiO2 Wafers for Green Desalination
09:39

Proof-of-Concept for Gas-Entrapping Membranes Derived from Water-Loving SiO2/Si/SiO2 Wafers for Green Desalination

Published on: March 1, 2020

7.6K
Ion-Exchange Membranes for the Fabrication of Reverse Electrodialysis Device
07:55

Ion-Exchange Membranes for the Fabrication of Reverse Electrodialysis Device

Published on: July 20, 2021

11.1K
An Efficient Method for Selective Desalination of Radioactive Iodine Anions by Using Gold Nanoparticles-Embedded Membrane Filter
07:28

An Efficient Method for Selective Desalination of Radioactive Iodine Anions by Using Gold Nanoparticles-Embedded Membrane Filter

Published on: July 13, 2018

7.6K

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • High-salinity brine concentration is essential for inland water resources and waste management.
  • Current cost-reduction strategies lack quantitative evaluation methods for innovation value and technology robustness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply quantitative methods for evaluating the value of innovation in membrane-based desalination.
  • To identify high-impact innovation trajectories for reducing the cost of treating high-salinity brines.

Main Methods:

  • Process-based cost optimization models were developed to analyze membrane-separation processes.
  • Parametric sensitivity analysis was used to guide material and manufacturing choices.
  • Stochastic simulation incorporated expected and potential impacts of component innovations on system costs.

Main Results:

  • Parametric sensitivity analysis effectively guides cost-reduction efforts in component selection.
  • Relating component performance improvements to cost increases identifies high-impact innovation pathways.
  • Stochastic simulation quantifies innovation value considering multiple component interactions.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed methods provide a robust framework for evaluating innovation in desalination technology.
  • These methods can identify innovations with the highest probability of reducing the levelized cost of water for high-salinity brine treatment.
  • This work facilitates targeted research and development for more sustainable water management solutions.