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Gun violence in Australia, 2002-2016: a cohort study
Joel Negin1, Jane Bell2, Lorraine Ivancic2
1Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW.
The Medical Journal of Australia
|September 8, 2021
Summary
Firearm injuries in New South Wales declined between 2002-2016, with self-harm highest in older adults and rural areas. Assault injuries were more common in younger people and cities.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Injury Prevention
Background:
- Firearm-related violence presents a significant public health challenge.
- Understanding the epidemiology of firearm injuries is crucial for targeted prevention strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the burden, geographic distribution, and outcomes of firearm-related violence in New South Wales (NSW) from 2002 to 2016.
- To analyze trends and identify high-risk populations for firearm injuries.
Main Methods:
- A population-based record linkage study was conducted in NSW.
- Data from January 1, 2002, to December 31, 2016, were analyzed.
- Injury rates were examined by intent (assault, self-harm, accidental), demographics, and geographic location, correlating with licensed gun ownership.
Main Results:
- 2390 firearm-related injuries were recorded: 36% assault, 33% self-harm, 21% accidental.
- Overall injury rates declined from 3.4 to 1.8 per 100,000 population.
- Self-harm rates were highest in individuals aged 60+ (41.5 per 100,000) and strongly correlated with licensed gun owners (r=0.94).
- Higher rates of firearm injuries were observed in outer regional/rural/remote areas compared to major cities.
Conclusions:
- Firearm self-harm rates are elevated in older adults, men, and rural residents.
- Assault-related firearm injuries are more prevalent among younger individuals and urban populations.
- Prevention strategies should be tailored to specific at-risk groups and geographic locations.
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