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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:

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Tuberculous peritonitis complicated by immunologic cerebral vasculitis.

Mansoor C Abdulla¹

¹Department of General Medicine, M.E.S. Medical College, Perinthalmanna, Kerala, India.

International Journal of Mycobacteriology

|September 8, 2021

Summary

Tuberculosis (TB) can cause immune system injury leading to multiple cerebral infarctions. This rare complication, seen in a 53-year-old woman, highlights the diverse neurological effects of TB.

Keywords:

Cerebral vasculitis extrapulmonary tuberculosis tuberculous peritonitis

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Published on: September 21, 2021

Area of Science:

Neurology
Immunology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Tuberculosis (TB) is a global infectious disease with diverse extrapulmonary manifestations.
Cerebral infarctions are typically associated with vascular risk factors or direct infection, but immune-mediated mechanisms are less understood.

Observation:

A 53-year-old female presented with ascites, decreased responsiveness, and right-sided limb weakness.
Peritoneal biopsy revealed necrotizing granulomatous inflammation with positive TB nucleic acid amplification testing.
Brain MRI demonstrated multiple acute infarcts in the cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum.

Findings:

Cerebral infarction in this patient was not attributed to secondary causes, tuberculous meningitis, or direct injury.
The likely cause of multiple cerebral infarctions was identified as immunologic injury secondary to tuberculosis.
This represents a rare instance of TB-induced immune injury leading to cerebral infarction, with only one prior report.

Implications:

This case underscores the potential for tuberculosis to trigger immune-mediated neurological complications, specifically cerebral infarction.
Further research into the immunopathogenesis of TB-related neurological injury is warranted.
Clinicians should consider immune-mediated mechanisms when encountering neurological deficits in patients with active tuberculosis.