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Crown Ethers02:36

Crown Ethers

5.6K
Crown ethers are cyclic polyethers that contain multiple oxygen atoms, usually arranged in a regular pattern. The first crown ether was synthesized by Charles Pederson while working at DuPont in 1967. For this work, Pedersen was co-awarded the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Crown ethers are named using the formula x-crown-y, where x is the total number of atoms in the ring and y is the number of ether oxygen atoms. The term 'crown' refers to the crown-like shape that these ether...
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Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II03:35

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II

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sp3d and sp3d 2 Hybridization
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Structure and Nomenclature of Ethers02:28

Structure and Nomenclature of Ethers

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Structure and Bonding
Ethers are organic compounds with an ether functional group which is characterized by an oxygen atom connected to two — identical or different — alkyl, aryl, or vinyl groups. The C–O–C linkage in dimethyl ether — the simplest ether — has an approximately tetrahedral bond angle of 110.3 degrees. The oxygen atom is sp3- hybridized, with the C–O distance being about 140 pm.
Classification of Ethers
Based on their attached substituent...
13.0K
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

3.2K
Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group...
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Chair Conformation of Cyclohexane02:02

Chair Conformation of Cyclohexane

16.4K
The chair conformation is the most stable form of cyclohexane due to the absence of angle and torsional strain. The absence of angle strain is a result of cyclohexane’s bond angle being very close to the ideal tetrahedral bond angle of 109.5° in its chair conformer. Similarly, the torsional strain is also absent owing to the perfectly staggered arrangement of bonds.
The hydrogen atoms linked to carbons are arranged in two different axial and equatorial orientations to achieve this...
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Preparation and Characterization of C60/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures
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Crown ethers in hydrogenated graphene.

Kai Guo1, Sitong Liu1, Haoming Tu2

  • 1Department of Optical Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, P. R. China. jingxu@zafu.edu.cn.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|September 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers embedded crown ethers into graphane, a flexible 2D material. This rigid structure significantly enhances alkali metal cation binding for separation and tunes electronic properties for applications like water photolysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Crown ethers are macrocyclic hosts with flexible structures, limiting their binding strength and selectivity.
  • Graphane, a 2D derivative of graphene, offers a rigid, non-wrinkled platform due to its sp3 hybridized carbon atoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the thermodynamic and kinetic stability of embedding crown ethers into graphane.
  • To evaluate the enhanced binding properties of crown ether-graphane complexes for alkali metal cation separation.
  • To explore the tunability of graphane's electronic properties through crown ether incorporation.

Main Methods:

  • First principles calculations were employed to model and analyze the stability and properties of crown ether-graphane systems.
  • Investigated the impact of varying crown ether cavity sizes and densities on the graphane lattice.

Main Results:

  • Embedment of crown ethers into graphane is thermodynamically and kinetically stable.
  • Binding strength for alkali metal cations increased by up to ~14 times compared to free crown ethers, indicating potential for efficient separation.
  • Electronic properties of graphane were tunable (4.43-5.85 eV) by controlling crown ether densities.

Conclusions:

  • Crown ether-graphane composites offer enhanced binding affinity and selectivity for alkali metal cations.
  • Tunable electronic properties make these materials promising for applications such as water photolysis.
  • The findings suggest a new avenue for research and application of both crown ethers and graphane.