[Research advances in physiological toxicity of graphene on plants]

Graphene is one of the most popular carbon nanomaterials that widely used in many fields due to its unique physical and chemical properties. The expanding production and application of graphene materials has led to their inputs into the environment, with increasing risks of environment and human health. Therefore, elucidating the potential toxic effects of graphene and the related mechanism are of significance to evaluate its ecological risk and bio-safety. To date, many studies have reported the physiotoxicological effects of graphene on plants. Literature showed that graphene had concentration-dependent effects on the physiological response of plants, including seed germination, growth, oxidative stress, photosynthetic characteristics, plant hormones, and metabolic processes. In the future, it is necessary to establish a widely accepted phytotoxicity evaluation system for the safe manufacture and use of graphene.