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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT01:25

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT

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Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...
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Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray01:20

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The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
Definition and Purpose
An X-ray, or radiograph, is a non-invasive method that uses ionizing radiation to take images of internal structures. It is mainly used in cardiac imaging to examine the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, aiming to identify abnormalities in the heart's size, shape, and position, such as heart failure, congenital defects, and vascular...
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Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System V: CT01:28

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System V: CT

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Cardiac computed tomography (CT) scanning is an advanced cardiac imaging technique that utilizes CT technology, with or without intravenous (IV) contrast, to produce accurate cross-sectional virtual slices of specific areas of the heart, coronary circulation, and major blood vessels such as the aorta, pulmonary veins, and arteries. The computer processes these slices to generate three-dimensional images. Multidetector CT (MDCT) is a rapid form of CT scanning that captures multiple slices...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

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Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System IV: CMRI01:21

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Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, or CMRI, is a non-invasive diagnostic test that employs a magnetic field and radiofrequency waves to create precise images of the heart and arteries. It provides comprehensive information about cardiac anatomy, function, perfusion, and tissue characterization without ionizing radiation.IndicationsCMRI diagnoses various heart conditions, including tissue damage from heart attacks, ischemic heart disease, myocarditis, aortic issues (tears, aneurysms,...
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Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
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Cardiac calcium score in systemic sclerosis.

Naglaa Afifi1, Maha Mohamed Mohamed Khalifa2, Alaa Allah Mohamed Mohamed Mahmoud Al Anany3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. naglaa.afifi@med.asu.edu.eg.

Clinical Rheumatology
|September 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Systemic sclerosis patients show significantly higher cardiac and extra-coronary calcium scores, indicating increased cardiovascular disease risk. Longer disease duration is a key factor for cardiac calcification in these patients.

Keywords:
Coronary Ca scoreExtra coronary Ca scoreSystemic sclerosis

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Radiology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients face elevated risks of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases.
  • Coronary artery disease assessment in SSc historically relied on coronary angiography.
  • Coronary calcium scoring via computed tomography offers a novel, noninvasive method to evaluate coronary artery calcification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate cardiac coronary calcium score (CCS) and extra-coronary calcium score (ECCS) in asymptomatic SSc patients.
  • To investigate the relationship between CCS/ECCS and various disease and patient variables.
  • To assess the utility of calcium scoring for early detection of coronary artery disease in SSc.

Main Methods:

  • Non-contrast cardiac computed tomography was used to determine CCS and ECCS in 20 asymptomatic SSc patients and 20 matched controls.
  • Patients underwent cardiac history, examination, echocardiography, and assessments of BMI, blood count, ESR, and lipid profile.
  • Statistical analysis compared scores between SSc patients and controls and correlated scores with clinical variables.

Main Results:

  • SSc patients exhibited significantly higher CCS (p=0.01) and ECCS (p=0.001) compared to controls.
  • CCS was found in 45% of SSc patients versus 10% of controls; ECCS was found in 80% of SSc patients versus 15% of controls.
  • Higher total calcium scores correlated with older age, longer disease duration, and greater BMI in SSc patients.

Conclusions:

  • Asymptomatic SSc patients have a higher prevalence of subclinical cardiovascular disease, detectable by cardiac calcium scoring.
  • Extra-coronary calcification may serve as an early indicator of cardiovascular involvement in SSc.
  • Disease duration is a significant determinant of cardiac calcification risk in systemic sclerosis.