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Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...

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Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform

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Evaluating the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Scoping Review.

Adrienne Crampton¹, A Garat^2,3, H A Shepherd⁴

¹School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.

|September 8, 2021

Summary

Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) testing is rapidly growing for mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), but moderate and severe TBI lack representation. Standardized protocols are needed for optimal VOR assessment in TBI patients.

Keywords:

Traumatic brain injury concussion measurement vestibulo-ocular reflex vision

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Ophthalmology
Vestibular Science

Background:

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can significantly impact neurological function.
The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) is crucial for maintaining gaze stability during head movements.
Assessing VOR function is vital for understanding and managing TBI-related deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review tests and tools for evaluating vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) function in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI).
To analyze the application of these assessments across all age groups and varying TBI severities.
To identify trends and gaps in the literature regarding VOR assessment post-TBI.

Main Methods:

An extensive electronic literature search was performed, including peer-reviewed studies up to November 2019.
Studies encompassing human participants of all ages with oculomotor or vestibulo-ocular assessments following TBI were included.
A total of 48 articles were selected for analysis.

Main Results:

A significant portion of the literature (50%) was published in 2018-2019, indicating recent growth in research.
Most studies focused on mild TBI, with an equal balance between computerized and non-computerized VOR measures.
Computerized tools included videonystagmography and rotary chair; non-computerized tests included head thrust and vestibular/oculomotor screening.
High variability was observed in testing protocols, including environment, equipment, and procedures.

Conclusions:

While VOR testing literature for mild TBI is expanding, moderate and severe TBI remain under-represented.
Developing standardized protocols for VOR assessment is essential for creating an optimal testing battery.
Pairing clinical tests with appropriate computerized tools will enhance VOR evaluation in TBI populations.