Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

8.0K
The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors...
8.0K
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

7.2K
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
7.2K
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

23.9K
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
23.9K
Receptor Downregulation in MVBs01:15

Receptor Downregulation in MVBs

2.3K
Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that  lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR  stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive  EGFR...
2.3K
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

4.7K
Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
4.7K
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

1.1K
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Noncanonical Transcription and Splicing Shape the Colorectal Cancer Immunopeptidome in MSI and MSS Tumors.

Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP·2026
Same author

The Immunogenicity of Human Senescent Cells Is Dependent on the Senescence Inducer and Cell Type.

Aging cell·2026
Same author

CDK4/6 inhibition reprograms the breast cancer immunopeptidome via Rb-dependent chromatin and transcriptomic remodeling.

Cell reports·2025
Same author

Transgenic inducible MHC I overexpression in mouse alveolar type 2 cells.

Transgenic research·2025
Same author

Tumor antigens preferentially derive from unmutated genomic sequences in melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer.

Nature cancer·2025
Same author

The cryptic immunopeptidome in health and disease.

Trends in genetics : TIG·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 21, 2025

Ex Utero Electroporation and Organotypic Slice Culture of Mouse Hippocampal Tissue
09:17

Ex Utero Electroporation and Organotypic Slice Culture of Mouse Hippocampal Tissue

Published on: March 4, 2015

9.7K

PSMB11 regulates gene expression in cortical thymic epithelial cells.

Anca Apavaloaei1, Jean-Philippe Laverdure2, Claude Perreault1

  • 1Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.

Cell Reports
|September 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary

The proteasomal subunit PSMB11 is crucial for CD8+ T cell development in the thymus. Reanalysis confirms PSMB11 regulates gene expression in thymic epithelial cells, impacting T cell maturation.

Keywords:
cortical thymic epithelial cellsgene expression regulationthymocytesthymoproteasomes

More Related Videos

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells
10:26

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells

Published on: January 20, 2019

12.6K
Retroviral Infection of Murine Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Embryoid Body Cells for Analysis of Hematopoietic Differentiation
11:40

Retroviral Infection of Murine Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Embryoid Body Cells for Analysis of Hematopoietic Differentiation

Published on: October 20, 2014

8.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 21, 2025

Ex Utero Electroporation and Organotypic Slice Culture of Mouse Hippocampal Tissue
09:17

Ex Utero Electroporation and Organotypic Slice Culture of Mouse Hippocampal Tissue

Published on: March 4, 2015

9.7K
In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells
10:26

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells

Published on: January 20, 2019

12.6K
Retroviral Infection of Murine Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Embryoid Body Cells for Analysis of Hematopoietic Differentiation
11:40

Retroviral Infection of Murine Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Embryoid Body Cells for Analysis of Hematopoietic Differentiation

Published on: October 20, 2014

8.6K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Proteasome Biology

Background:

  • The proteasomal subunit PSMB11 is exclusively expressed in cortical thymic epithelial cells (cTECs).
  • PSMB11 is considered essential for the development of functional CD8+ T cells.
  • A key hypothesis suggests PSMB11 generates unique peptides for T cell positive selection via MHC class I.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate the role of PSMB11 in thymic epithelial cell (TEC) biology and T cell development.
  • To address conflicting findings regarding PSMB11's function in antigen presentation versus TEC gene regulation.
  • To confirm or refute the impact of PSMB11 on cTEC distinctness and thymocyte migration.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive reanalysis of transcriptomic data.
  • Comprehensive reanalysis of proteomic data.
  • Comparative analysis of data from the Ohigashi laboratory.

Main Results:

  • Reanalysis confirms that PSMB11 regulates hundreds of genes in cTECs, primarily through differential proteolysis of transcription factors.
  • Evidence supports PSMB11's role in maintaining cTEC identity and promoting thymocyte migration.
  • The findings reaffirm the original conclusions that PSMB11 significantly impacts cTEC biology.

Conclusions:

  • PSMB11 plays a critical role in regulating gene expression within cTECs, influencing their distinctiveness.
  • The function of PSMB11 extends beyond antigen presentation to encompass broader effects on cTEC biology and thymocyte development.
  • These findings reinforce the importance of PSMB11 in thymic T cell education and development.