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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Identifying PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors with Surface Plasmon Resonance Technology
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An update on immunotherapy with PD-1 and PD-L1 blockade.

Sung Ae Koh1

  • 1Department of Hematology-Oncology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.

Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine
|September 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Cancer immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors like PD-1/PD-L1, shows promise but has low response rates. Combination strategies with chemotherapy or targeted agents are improving efficacy across various cancer types.

Keywords:
ImmunotherapyNeoplasmsProgrammed cell death ligand-1 receptorProgrammed cell death-1 receptor

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Cancer remains a leading global cause of death, with treatment historically focusing on growth mechanisms.
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting tumor immunity have emerged as a significant advancement since 2010.
  • Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibitors have gained FDA approval for various cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the limitations of single-agent immunotherapy.
  • To explore combination strategies to enhance cancer treatment efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of studies on combination therapy in oncology.
  • Analysis of immunotherapy combined with conventional treatments like chemotherapy and targeted agents.

Main Results:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors demonstrate durable responses but have limited response rates (15-20%).
  • Combination therapies have shown improved response rates and efficacy in multiple cancer types.
  • Specific examples include non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, and urogenital cancers.

Conclusions:

  • Combination strategies integrating immunotherapy with chemotherapy or targeted agents represent a key advancement in cancer treatment.
  • These combined approaches are crucial for overcoming the low response rates associated with individual immunotherapies.
  • Further research into combination therapies holds significant potential for improving patient outcomes in oncology.