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William James, John Dewey, and Charles Sanders Peirce were instrumental in founding functional psychology, which draws heavily from Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. This theory suggests that individual traits, including behaviors, are adapted to their environments through natural selection. At the heart of functionalism is the concept of adaptation, meaning that a trait enhances an individual's chances of survival and reproduction.
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Power motivation and achievement motivation are two essential social motives identified by psychologist David McClelland. These motives influence behavior in various personal and professional contexts, shaping how individuals interact with others and pursue their goals.
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Self-regulation, also known as self-control, encompasses a range of cognitive and behavioral processes that allow individuals to adjust their internal states and outward actions to align with socially acceptable norms and long-term goals. It plays a fundamental role in adaptive functioning, from resisting impulsive behaviors to persisting through challenging tasks. While its benefits are widely recognized, self-regulation is not limitless. Muraven and Baumeister's theory posits that...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 21, 2025

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
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Reconsidering power functional theory.

James F Lutsko1, Martin Oettel2

  • 1Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems CP 231, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Blvd. du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|September 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study revisits power functional theory, clarifying its derivation and addressing issues in the original development. An alternative interpretation reveals surprising similarities to classical density functional theory.

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Area of Science:

  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • Power functional theory (PFT) provides a framework for statistical mechanics.
  • The original derivation of PFT has areas needing clarification and simplification.
  • Understanding functional dependencies is crucial for theoretical development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To rework and clarify the original derivation of power functional theory.
  • To identify and address issues within the existing PFT framework.
  • To explore alternative interpretations and connections to other theories.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed re-examination of the mathematical derivation of PFT.
  • Identification of potential ambiguities and limitations in the original formulation.
  • Development of a modified approach to resolve identified issues.

Main Results:

  • A clarified and simplified derivation of power functional theory is presented.
  • Specific issues in the original PFT development are highlighted and resolved.
  • An alternative interpretation of PFT results is proposed.

Conclusions:

  • The reworked derivation enhances the clarity and robustness of power functional theory.
  • The proposed modifications improve the theoretical framework of PFT.
  • The surprising parallels to classical density functional theory offer new avenues for research.