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Related Concept Videos

The Cell Cycle Control System02:11

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The cell cycle is an organized set of events that leads the cell to divide into two daughter cells, each containing chromosomes identical to the parent cell. It is the cell cycle that leads to the formation of an entire organism from a single-cell zygote. Besides, cell division also functions in the renewal or repair of tissues in adult multicellular eukaryotes. For example, in the bone marrow, the stem cells divide to form new blood cells. Although essential for several functions, cell...
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Several external and internal factors influence the initiation and inhibition of cell division. For instance, the death of nearby cells or the release of human growth hormone (hGH) promotes cell division. In contrast, lack of hGH or crowding of cells can inhibit cell division.
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The cell cycle refers to the sequence of events occurring throughout a typical cell’s life. In eukaryotic cells, the somatic cell cycle has two stages: the interphase and the mitotic phase. During interphase, the cell grows, performs its basic metabolic functions, copies its DNA, and prepares for mitotic cell division. Then, during mitosis and cytokinesis, the cell divides its nuclear and cytoplasmic materials, respectively. This generates two daughter cells that are identical to the...
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Cell size is a significant factor impacting cellular design, function, and fitness. There exists some internal coordination by which cells double their masses before division, thus, achieving homeostasis. Coordination between cell growth and proliferation depends on the checkpoints in between cell cycle phases. Loss of coordination or failure in the checkpoint mechanism can drive the cell to uncontrolled growth and loss of cellular function. Like dividing cells that coordinate cellular growth,...
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Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
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Updated: Oct 21, 2025

Studying Cell Cycle-regulated Gene Expression by Two Complementary Cell Synchronization Protocols
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DREAM On: Cell Cycle Control in Development and Disease.

Hayley Walston1, Audra N Iness2, Larisa Litovchick1,3,4

  • 1Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA;

Annual Review of Genetics
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The DREAM complex, a conserved regulator of cell cycle gene expression, is crucial for genome integrity and cell proliferation control. This review details its structure, function, and role in human diseases.

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B-MybE2FFoxM1cancercell cycletranscription

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cell cycle progression requires precisely regulated gene expression for genome stability and controlled proliferation.
  • The DREAM complex, a conserved multisubunit DNA-binding complex, plays a key role in cell cycle-regulated gene expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of DREAM complex structure, function, and regulation across diverse organisms.
  • To explore the involvement of DREAM complexes in human diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of genetic and proteomic studies spanning two decades.
  • Analysis of evolutionary conservation of DREAM complex components.
  • Compilation of data on DREAM complex structure and function.

Main Results:

  • DREAM complexes are highly conserved from worms to humans, featuring a retinoblastoma family member, E2F transcription factor, and the MuvB core (LIN-9, LIN-37, LIN-52, LIN-53, LIN-54).
  • These complexes are essential for orchestrating periodic gene expression during the cell cycle.

Conclusions:

  • The DREAM complex is a fundamental regulator of cell cycle control with conserved mechanisms across species.
  • Understanding DREAM complex function is vital for comprehending cell proliferation and its dysregulation in human diseases.