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Small extracellular vesicle non-coding RNAs in pancreatic cancer: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications

Moritz Reese1, Sameer A Dhayat2

  • 1Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1 (W1), 48149, Muenster, Germany.

Journal of Hematology & Oncology
|September 9, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) carry non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in pancreatic cancer, influencing disease progression and offering potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic delivery vehicles.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Pancreatic cancer exhibits a poor prognosis due to aggressive traits, late diagnosis, and treatment resistance.
  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are key gene expression regulators, with their dysregulation linked to cancer development.
  • Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) mediate intercellular communication via ncRNA transfer within the tumor microenvironment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of sEVs as carriers of ncRNAs in pancreatic cancer.
  • To explore the molecular mechanisms by which sEV-ncRNAs influence pancreatic cancer hallmarks.
  • To discuss the potential of sEV-ncRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic delivery systems.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on the role of ncRNAs and sEVs in pancreatic cancer.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying sEV-mediated ncRNA transfer.
  • Evaluation of current research on sEV-ncRNAs for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

Main Results:

  • sEVs facilitate the intercellular transfer of ncRNAs (miRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs) in pancreatic cancer.
  • sEV-ncRNAs contribute to cancer hallmarks including angiogenesis, immune evasion, and metastasis.
  • sEV-ncRNAs show promise as non-invasive liquid biopsy biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis.

Conclusions:

  • sEVs are crucial mediators of ncRNA-based intercellular communication in pancreatic cancer.
  • sEV-ncRNAs represent a significant area for biomarker discovery and development.
  • sEVs hold potential as effective delivery vehicles for ncRNA-based pancreatic cancer therapies.
Keywords:
Circular RNAExosomeLong non-coding RNAMicroRNANon-coding RNAPancreatic cancerPancreatic ductal adenocarcinomaSmall extracellular vesicle

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