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Related Concept Videos

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Olfaction01:25

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
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Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is the inability to recognize faces. In severe cases, individuals with prosopagnosia may not recognize close family members, including parents and spouses, by their faces. For instance, someone with prosopagnosia might walk past their child in a crowd, only realizing their mistake upon noticing their child's distinctive backpack or favorite jacket. Prosopagnosia specifically impairs facial recognition, while the recognition of other objects or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 21, 2025

Author Spotlight: Assessing the Olfactory Effects of Airborne Pollutants — Buried Food and Social Odor Tests
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Olfactory dysfunction and coronavirus disease 2019 severity: a prospective cohort study.

L Aydemir1, C Sen1, H Kara1

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul UniversityIstanbul, Turkey.

The Journal of Laryngology and Otology
|September 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Olfactory dysfunction and taste impairment affect many patients with coronavirus disease 2019 but do not predict disease severity or radiological findings. These symptoms lack prognostic importance in COVID-19 patients.

Keywords:
AgeusiaAnosmiaCOVID-19DysgeusiaSmell

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Olfactory dysfunction and taste impairment are reported symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
  • The prognostic significance of these sensory dysfunctions in COVID-19 remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between olfactory dysfunction/taste impairment and COVID-19 disease severity.
  • To assess the relationship between sensory impairments and radiological findings in COVID-19 patients.
  • To determine the prevalence, severity, and course of olfactory dysfunction and taste impairment in COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective observational cohort study of hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
  • Olfactory dysfunction and taste impairment assessed via questionnaires.
  • Disease severity and chest CT findings evaluated.

Main Results:

  • 23.3% experienced olfactory dysfunction, 30.8% taste impairment, and 17.2% both.
  • No statistically significant association found between olfactory dysfunction or taste impairment and disease severity.
  • No significant association observed between sensory impairments and chest CT findings.

Conclusions:

  • Olfactory dysfunction and taste impairment are common in COVID-19 patients.
  • These sensory symptoms do not appear to have prognostic importance for disease severity or radiological outcomes.
  • Further research may explore the underlying mechanisms and long-term effects.