Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 21, 2025
07:39
An In vitro Co-infection Model to Study Plasmodium falciparum-HIV-1 Interactions in Human Primary Monocyte-derived Immune Cells
Published on: August 15, 2012
13.9K
[Emerging infectious disease and transfusion-transmitted infection]
1Kumamoto Red Cross Blood Center.
[Rinsho Ketsueki] the Japanese Journal of Clinical Hematology
|September 9, 2021
Summary
Blood transfusion safety has improved with Hepatitis E virus (HEV) and Chagas disease testing. Future efforts focus on bacterial screening and emerging infectious diseases like dengue virus (DENV) to prevent transfusion-transmitted infections.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Transfusion Medicine
- Public Health
Background:
- Hepatitis B, C, and HIV are historically significant transfusion-transmitted infections with declining incidence.
- Transfusion-transmitted Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections have been reported in Japan since 2011, with five cases in 2019.
- Chagas disease is a risk associated with blood transfusion, necessitating donor screening.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current landscape of transfusion-transmitted infections.
- To highlight recent advancements in blood safety measures in Japan.
- To discuss future strategies for preventing emerging infectious disease transmission via blood products.
Main Methods:
- Implementation of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) antibody testing for blood donors.
- Introduction of Trypanosoma cruzi antibody testing for selective blood donors.
- Ongoing surveillance and preparedness for emerging infectious diseases.
Main Results:
- HEV antibody testing for all blood donors initiated in August 2020 is expected to reduce transfusion-transmitted HEV.
- Trypanosoma cruzi antibody testing, implemented in August 2016, has decreased the risk of Chagas disease transmission.
- The focus is shifting towards comprehensive screening and proactive measures against novel pathogens.
Conclusions:
- Recent screening initiatives have significantly enhanced blood product safety in Japan.
- Continuous vigilance, including bacterial testing and monitoring of global emerging infectious diseases (e.g., DENV, WNV, Zika, CHIKV), is crucial.
- Proactive development of testing protocols and donor eligibility criteria for emerging threats is essential for future transfusion safety.
Related Concept Videos
01:26Sexually Transmitted Infections
479
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
479
01:20Infection
9.3K
When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
9.3K
01:25Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment
1.6K
Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
1.6K
01:17Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets
4.2K
Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...
4.2K
01:25Immunodeficiency Diseases
1.3K
Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
1.3K
01:25Endocarditis I: Introduction
72
Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
72