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Related Concept Videos

Hematopoiesis01:21

Hematopoiesis

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The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
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Production of Formed Elements01:34

Production of Formed Elements

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Hemangioblasts are multipotent stem cells originating from the mesoderm. They give rise to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which undergo hematopoiesis to produce all the formed elements of blood. This process is regulated by a complex network of hematopoietic growth factors, including transcription factors, growth factors, and cytokines. These factors stimulate the HSCs to divide and differentiate, though some HSCs remain undifferentiated to maintain a self-renewing pool.
Most HSCs commit to...
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Overview of Hematopoiesis01:20

Overview of Hematopoiesis

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Hematopoiesis, or blood cell production, is a vital biological process that begins early in embryonic development and continues throughout life. This process generates the various types of cells found in blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
Developmental Phases of Hematopoiesis
Initially, HSCs are formed in the embryonic yolk sac, a critical site for early blood cell production. These stem cells subsequently migrate to other...
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Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Lineage Commitment01:21

Lineage Commitment

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Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:
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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Bone Marrow Transplantation Procedures in Mice to Study Clonal Hematopoiesis
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[Clonal hematopoiesis].

Toshio Kitamura1

  • 1Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo.

[Rinsho Ketsueki] the Japanese Journal of Clinical Hematology
|September 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Clonal hematopoiesis (CH), common in the elderly, increases risks for leukemia and cardiovascular disease. Further research into CH is crucial for an aging population.

Keywords:
Aplastic anemiaEpigeneticsHematological malignancyPreleukemia

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Genetics
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) with leukemia-related mutations is prevalent in ~10% of healthy elderly individuals.
  • While not always progressing to malignancy, CH elevates risks for hematological cancers and cardiovascular diseases.
  • CH is also observed in patients with solid cancers and aplastic anemia, suggesting broader implications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the growing significance of clonal hematopoiesis in aging populations.
  • To underscore the association of CH with increased risks of hematological malignancies and cardiovascular disease.
  • To emphasize the need for further research and the establishment of a dedicated field for CH studies.

Main Methods:

  • Observational studies and genetic analyses of elderly individuals.
  • Comparative analysis of CH prevalence and outcomes in different health conditions (e.g., cancer, aplastic anemia).
  • Review of existing literature on CH and associated health risks.

Main Results:

  • CH is found in approximately 10% of healthy elderly individuals.
  • Individuals with CH face a 10-fold higher risk of hematological malignancies and a 2-fold increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.
  • CH mutation profiles show overlap but also distinct differences in solid cancer and aplastic anemia patients compared to elderly CH.

Conclusions:

  • Clonal hematopoiesis is a significant finding in aging populations with implications beyond hematological malignancies.
  • CH is associated with substantial increases in morbidity and mortality, particularly cardiovascular disease.
  • The emerging field of CH research is critical for understanding and managing age-related health risks.