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Humans Share More Preferences for Floral Phenotypes With Pollinators Than With Pests.

Victoria Ruiz-Hernández1,2,3,4, Lize Joubert3,5, Amador Rodríguez-Gómez1,2

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Summary

Humans, bumblebees, and thrips exhibit distinct floral preferences, influenced by visual and scent cues. Understanding these interactions is key to the evolution of ornamental plants and their diverse interactions with various organisms.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • Floral trait selection is typically studied in relation to pollinators and herbivores.
  • Humans also exert selective pressure on ornamental plant floral traits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the preferences of bumblebees (Bombus terrestris), thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis), and humans for snapdragon flowers.
  • To investigate the role of visual and scent cues in mediating these preferences.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized four Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) from a cross between Antirrhinum majus and Antirrhinum linkianum.
  • Characterized floral traits including scent emission, pollen content, trichome density, shape, size, and color.
  • Tested preferences of bumblebees, thrips, and humans for whole flowers, floral scent bouquets, stamen scent, and individual scent compounds.

Main Results:

  • Humans and bumblebees preferred parental species, while thrips favored RILs.
  • Floral color and scent, alongside other traits, were significant for all tested organisms.
  • Visual traits dominated bumblebee preferences, but scent became crucial in its absence, with methyl benzoate identified as a key attractant.

Conclusions:

  • The evolutionary path of flowers results from complex interactions between multiple floral traits and diverse organisms.
  • Distinct preferences among different species highlight the multifaceted selective pressures on floral evolution.