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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

678
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
678
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

421
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
421
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

531
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
531
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

236
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
236
Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

334
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
334
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

269
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
269

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Histological Quantification to Determine Lung Fungal Burden in Experimental Aspergillosis
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Pulmonary Histoplasmosis.

Angela María Tobón1, Beatriz L Gómez2

  • 1Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia.

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Histoplasmosis, a common fungal respiratory infection, presents varied forms from mild to life-threatening disseminated disease. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial, especially for immunocompromised individuals, to reduce severe outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Histoplasmosis is a frequent fungal respiratory infection with diverse clinical presentations.
  • Disease severity depends on inhaled fungal load, host immunity, and respiratory tract health.
  • It ranges from asymptomatic acute pulmonary infection to severe progressive disseminated histoplasmosis (PDH), particularly in immunocompromised individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical manifestations, diagnostic tools, and treatment strategies for histoplasmosis.
  • To highlight the impact of new laboratory tests on reducing diagnosis and treatment times.
  • To emphasize the critical need for timely intervention in high-risk populations, such as those with HIV.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical manifestations and disease spectrum.
  • Analysis of radiological findings.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic tools and emerging laboratory tests.
  • Assessment of treatment options, including induction and maintenance therapy.

Main Results:

  • Histoplasmosis exhibits a broad spectrum of illness, including acute, chronic, and disseminated forms.
  • Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis (PDH) carries high morbidity and mortality, especially in HIV patients with low CD4+ counts.
  • Rare complications include mediastinal fibrosis, histoplasmoma, and broncholithiasis.
  • New diagnostic tests are becoming available, potentially shortening diagnosis and treatment initiation timelines.

Conclusions:

  • Histoplasmosis requires careful management tailored to its clinical form.
  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to improve outcomes and reduce mortality.
  • Special attention is needed for immunocompromised patients, particularly those with HIV, where histoplasmosis is a significant cause of AIDS-related deaths.