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Healthy aging impacts executive control more than sensorimotor skills. Rapid motor decision-making tasks effectively differentiate cognitive from sensorimotor contributions to performance declines in older adults.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Assessing age-related executive control decline is challenging due to confounding sensorimotor processes in traditional tests.
  • Rapid motor decision-making tasks offer a potential method to isolate cognitive from sensorimotor contributions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate age differences in perceptual-motor, coordination, and cognitive measures using object hit (OH) and object hit and avoid (OHA) tasks.
  • To determine if cognitive contributors in OHA tasks correlate with executive functioning.

Main Methods:

  • Administered OH and OHA tasks to younger and older healthy adults.
  • Utilized the robotic manipulandum for precise measurement of motor and cognitive performance.
  • Assessed executive functioning using the Trail Making Test (TMT) Parts A and B.

Main Results:

  • Age differences were most pronounced in cognitive measures after controlling for hand movement speed.
  • Smaller age differences were observed in perceptual-motor speed and sensory measures.
  • Minimal age differences were found in bimanual and spatial coordination, with cognitive measures correlating with TMT executive functioning scores.

Conclusions:

  • Rapid motor decision-making tasks are sensitive to age-related executive control differences.
  • These tasks can effectively distinguish cognitive from sensorimotor contributions to performance, aiding in understanding healthy aging.