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IgE responses in human gnathostomiasis.

M H Soesatyo1, W Rattanasiriwilai, P Suntharasamai

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
|January 1, 1987
PubMed
Summary
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This study found elevated specific IgE antibody levels in patients with gnathostomiasis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reliably confirms this parasitic infection, showing a significant increase in total IgE.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Parasitology
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Gnathostomiasis is a human parasitic infection caused by Gnathostoma species.
  • Diagnosis can be challenging, often relying on clinical presentation and serological tests.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of specific IgE antibody levels in diagnosing human gnathostomiasis.
  • To assess total IgE levels in patients with Gnathostoma spinigerum infection.

Main Methods:

  • Serum samples from patients with confirmed gnathostomiasis and intermittent cutaneous migratory swellings were tested.
  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed using Gnathostoma spinigerum infective larvae antigen.
  • Total and specific IgE antibody levels were quantified and compared to healthy controls.

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Main Results:

  • Patients with gnathostomiasis exhibited significantly elevated specific IgE antibody levels compared to controls (P < 0.01).
  • A marked increase in total IgE levels, nearly 10-fold higher than controls (P < 0.01), was observed.
  • The ELISA method demonstrated high reliability, with only 1 out of 50 specimens falling within control ranges.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated specific IgE antibodies are indicative of gnathostomiasis.
  • ELISA using Gnathostoma spinigerum antigen is a reliable diagnostic tool for human gnathostomiasis.
  • Gnathostoma spinigerum infection potentiates IgE production, similar to other nematode infections.