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Idealizations and analogies: Explaining critical phenomena.

Quentin Rodriguez1

  • 1Université Clermont Auvergne, PHIER, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science
|September 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study clarifies the universality of critical phenomena by comparing it to commonality strategies like ideal gas and harmonic oscillator models. It highlights how specific analogies explain critical phenomena

Keywords:
AnalogyExplanationIdealizationModelsUnificationUniversality

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Area of Science:

  • Philosophy of Physics
  • Philosophy of Scientific Explanation
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Universality in critical phenomena is debated regarding the role of idealizations versus commonalities in unifying diverse physical systems.
  • Lange and Reutlinger challenge Batterman's view on deliberate distortions, emphasizing commonalities over idealizations for explanation.
  • Distinguishing critical phenomena universality from other commonality strategies is crucial for addressing these philosophical objections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the differences between critical phenomena universality and "commonality strategies" like the ideal gas and harmonic oscillator models.
  • To address objections raised by Lange and Reutlinger concerning the explanatory role of idealizations and commonalities.
  • To elucidate the unique epistemic status of universality in critical phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of universality in critical phenomena with paradigmatic commonality strategies.
  • Examination of the underlying analogies (physical and formal) employed in different models.
  • Philosophical argumentation building on existing literature (Batterman, Lange, Reutlinger).

Main Results:

  • Critical phenomena universality relies on a distinct combination of physical and formal analogies, differentiating it from simpler commonality strategies.
  • The ideal gas and harmonic oscillator models, while exemplifying commonality strategies, do not fully capture the explanatory mechanisms of critical universality.
  • Assessing these differences is essential to defend the explanatory power of universality against critiques focused on idealizations.

Conclusions:

  • The universality of critical phenomena possesses epistemic autonomy due to its unique analogical structure.
  • A specific interplay of physical and formal analogies creates an "explicative loop" crucial for understanding critical phenomena.
  • This framework helps reconcile the role of distortions and commonalities in scientific explanation, particularly in physics.