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Updated: Oct 21, 2025

Bioparticle Microarrays for Chemotactic and Molecular Analysis of Human Neutrophil Swarming in vitro
Published on: February 16, 2020
Positive feedback amplification in swarming immune cell populations
Katharina M Glaser1, Michael Mihlan2, Tim Lämmermann2
1Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany; International Max Planck Research School for Immunobiology, Epigenetics and Metabolism (IMPRS-IEM), Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Abstract:
Several immune cell types (neutrophils, eosinophils, T cells, and innate-like lymphocytes) display coordinated migration patterns when a population, formed of individually responding cells, moves through inflamed or infected tissues. "Swarming" refers to the process in which a population of migrating leukocytes switches from random motility to highly directed chemotaxis to form local cell clusters. Positive feedback amplification underlies this behavior and results from intercellular communication in the immune cell population. We here highlight recent findings on neutrophil swarming from mouse models, zebrafish larvae, and in vitro platforms for human cells, which together advanced our understanding of the principles and molecular mechanisms that shape immune cell swarming.
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