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Friction Stir Processing Influence on Microstructure, Mechanical, and Corrosion Behavior of Steels: A Review
Neçar Merah1,2, Mohammed Abdul Azeem1, Hafiz M Abubaker1
1Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 10, 2021
Summary
Friction stir processing (FSP) enhances steel properties by altering grain structure. This review details how FSP parameters influence steel performance, offering insights for material scientists.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Metallurgy
- Manufacturing Engineering
Background:
- Friction stir processing (FSP) is a solid-state joining and processing technique that has gained prominence over the last two decades.
- FSP is employed to modify the microstructure and properties of various materials, including steels, aluminum, magnesium, titanium, and superalloys.
- Existing literature reviews primarily focus on FSP/friction stir welding (FSW) of nonferrous alloys, with limited comprehensive reviews on steels.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive literature review on the application of Friction Stir Processing (FSP) and Friction Stir Welding (FSW) in various types of steels.
- To elucidate the influence of FSP parameters on the microstructural evolution and resulting mechanical and corrosion properties of steels.
- To discuss assessment methodologies and offer recommendations for future research and applications of FSP/FSW in steel.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature search and review of existing studies on FSP/FSW of steels.
- Analysis of the effects of thermomechanical processing inherent to FSP on grain structure and phase transformations in steels.
- Discussion of the impact of key FSP parameters (e.g., advancing speed, rotational speed, tool material) on steel performance.
Main Results:
- FSP effectively refines grain structure and induces phase transformations in steels.
- Microstructural changes resulting from FSP significantly enhance hardness, tensile properties, fracture toughness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance.
- The specific effects of FSP on steel properties are strongly dependent on processing parameters and tool design.
Conclusions:
- Friction stir processing is a highly effective technique for improving the mechanical and corrosion properties of various steel grades.
- Understanding and optimizing FSP parameters are crucial for tailoring steel performance for specific applications.
- Further research is recommended to fully exploit the potential of FSP/FSW in advanced steel processing.
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