Theoretical Challenges and Social Inequalities in Active Ageing

Area of Science:

• Gerontology
• Sociology of aging
• Public health policy

Background:

• Active ageing is a key strategy discussed by international organizations and researchers to address the challenges of global population ageing.
• The concept's theoretical underpinnings are often criticized for lacking clarity, defined contributing factors, and identified barriers.

Purpose of the Study:

• To critically assess the theoretical framework of active ageing.
• To empirically investigate the feasibility and beneficiaries of active ageing.
• To challenge the prevailing discourse on active ageing.

Main Methods:

• Theoretical analysis of the active ageing concept.
• Empirical investigation using Danish longitudinal data.
• Application of multiple correspondence analysis to identify predictors and inequalities.

Main Results:

• The theoretical framework of active ageing is found to be underdeveloped, lacking conceptual clarity and specific factors.
• Empirical analysis reveals that active ageing is contingent upon individual health, education, and financial status.
• A Matthew effect of accumulated advantage is observed, where advantages in one life domain correlate with advantages in others, highlighting life course inequalities.

Conclusions:

• Active ageing is theoretically undertheorized and empirically may be an unattainable goal for many older adults.
• Inequalities in active ageing reflect cumulative advantages and disadvantages throughout life.
• Policy and research should address the structural factors that create disparities in older age.