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Assessing Disparity Using Measures of Racial and Educational Isolation.

Mercedes A Bravo1,2, Man Chong Leong2,3, Alan E Gelfand4

  • 1Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|September 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed new measures for educational isolation (EI) and racial isolation (RI), finding that both are linked to increased preterm birth (PTB) risk. These tools help understand how residential segregation impacts health outcomes.

Keywords:
birth outcomeseducational attainment isolationhealth disparitieslocal correlationracial isolationspatial

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Area of Science:

  • Sociology
  • Public Health
  • Spatial Analysis

Background:

  • Residential segregation, measured by racial isolation (RI), is linked to health disparities.
  • Educational isolation (EI) describes the extent to which individuals are exposed primarily to others with similar educational attainment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a local, spatial measure of educational isolation (EI).
  • To characterize the relationship between EI and racial isolation (RI).
  • To examine the associations between RI, EI, and birth outcomes, specifically gestational length and preterm birth (PTB).

Main Methods:

  • Developed a novel local correlation measure to analyze spatial relationships between RI and EI.
  • Utilized birth records from Michigan (2005-2012) to estimate associations.
  • Analyzed the impact of RI and EI quintiles on PTB odds for different racial groups.

Main Results:

  • EI was higher in rural areas, while RI was concentrated in urban areas and the southeastern US.
  • High RI tracts exhibited both high EI, indicating residents are likely both racially and educationally isolated.
  • Increased odds of PTB were associated with higher quintiles of both RI and EI for both NHB and NHW women.

Conclusions:

  • Introduced novel spatial measures for RI, EI, and their local correlation.
  • Demonstrated that both educational and racial isolation are associated with adverse birth outcomes.
  • Provided tools for researchers and policymakers to investigate the impact of residential isolation on disparate health outcomes.