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Related Concept Videos

Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

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Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
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Gastrulation01:56

Gastrulation

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Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...
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Neural tube development depends on notochord-derived sonic hedgehog released into the sclerotome.

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Analysis of Neural Crest Migration and Differentiation by Cross-species Transplantation
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From Bipotent Neuromesodermal Progenitors to Neural-Mesodermal Interactions during Embryonic Development.

Nitza Kahane1, Chaya Kalcheim1

  • 1Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC) and the Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical School, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|September 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Embryonic development relies on coordinated cell interactions. Sonic hedgehog signaling from the notochord is key to patterning the neural tube and mesoderm, ensuring proper embryo formation.

Keywords:
cell differentiationdermomyotomefloor platelateral plate mesodermmotoneuronsmuscleneural tubenotochordsclerotomesomite

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Embryogenesis
  • Cellular Interactions

Background:

  • Embryonic development requires precise coordination of cellular processes for proper patterning.
  • Interactions between cells and tissues regulate cell segregation, specification, growth, and morphogenesis.
  • The formation of the spinal cord and paraxial mesoderm exemplifies these complex developmental processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing the coordinated development of the neural tube and paraxial mesoderm.
  • To focus on the role of sonic hedgehog signaling in coordinating the neural-mesodermal axis during vertebrate development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on embryonic development, focusing on gastrulation and organogenesis.
  • Analysis of cellular and molecular signaling pathways involved in neural and mesodermal lineage specification.
  • Examination of the role of the axial notochord and sonic hedgehog signaling.

Main Results:

  • Bipotent neuromesodermal progenitors in the posterior embryo generate both neural and mesodermal lineages post-gastrulation.
  • Somitic mesoderm influences neural patterning and differentiation.
  • Neural precursors reciprocally regulate paraxial mesoderm development, including myogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • The development of the spinal cord and paraxial mesoderm involves intricate reciprocal signaling between neural and mesodermal tissues.
  • Sonic hedgehog signaling, emanating from the notochord, is a critical regulator coordinating the development of the neural-mesodermal axis.
  • Understanding these signaling logics is essential for comprehending normal embryonic patterning and potential developmental disorders.