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Interplay between Hepatitis E Virus and Host Cell Pattern Recognition Receptors.

Pradip Devhare1, Mridula Madiyal2, Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay1,2

  • 1Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|September 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) can cause chronic illness and severe outcomes, particularly in pregnant women. This review explores how the host

Keywords:
hepatitis E virusinflammationinnate immune responseinterferoninterferon-stimulated genespattern recognition receptors

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) typically causes acute hepatitis but can lead to chronic infection in immunocompromised individuals.
  • HEV poses a significant risk to pregnant women, with mortality rates up to 30%, especially in the third trimester.
  • Extrahepatic manifestations, including neurological and renal diseases, are associated with HEV infection, yet its pathogenesis remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the host's innate immune response during Hepatitis E virus infection.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms of HEV immune evasion and pathogenesis.
  • To summarize the recognition of HEV by host Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs).

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on HEV pathogenesis and innate immunity.
  • Analysis of studies utilizing reverse genetics, in vitro cell cultures, and animal models (including non-human primates).

Main Results:

  • The host's innate immune response plays a crucial role in controlling HEV infection.
  • HEV evades cellular antiviral defenses, particularly interferons (IFNs), allowing for viral persistence.
  • Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) are involved in detecting HEV and initiating innate immune responses.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding HEV-PRR interactions is key to comprehending HEV pathogenesis.
  • HEV employs sophisticated mechanisms to evade the host's innate immunity.
  • Further research into HEV immune evasion strategies may reveal therapeutic targets.