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Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

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The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
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The Retina01:32

The Retina

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The retina is a layer of nervous tissue at the back of the eye that transduces light into neural signals. This process, called phototransduction, is carried out by rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the back of the retina.
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Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
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Updated: Oct 20, 2025

Vibratome Sectioning Mouse Retina to Prepare Photoreceptor Cultures
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Visual Cortex Engagement in Retinitis Pigmentosa.

Gianluca Pietra1, Tiziana Bonifacino2, Davide Talamonti1,3

  • 1Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), I-56124 Pisa, Italy.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|September 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Researchers found that the visual cortex in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) models shows a temporary shift toward inhibition. This enhances the filtering of visual information, potentially improving vision in early stages of the inherited retinal disorder.

Keywords:
inhibitionplasticityrd10 mouse modelretinitis pigmentosavisual cortex

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of inherited retinal diseases causing progressive photoreceptor degeneration.
  • Current RP treatments aim to preserve or replace photoreceptors, but vision depends on the entire visual system.
  • The status of the visual cortex in RP remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional changes in the visual cortex during progressive photoreceptor degeneration in a mouse model of RP.
  • To understand how visual cortical circuits adapt to vision loss caused by RP.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a well-established mouse model exhibiting characteristics of retinitis pigmentosa.
  • Analyzed the response of visual cortical circuits to ongoing photoreceptor degeneration.
  • Assessed changes in the excitation/inhibition balance within the visual cortex.

Main Results:

  • The study identified a transient, previously undocumented alteration in the visual cortex's excitation/inhibition balance.
  • A net shift towards increased intracortical inhibition was observed.
  • This inhibitory shift improved the filtering and decoding of impaired visual inputs.

Conclusions:

  • The visual cortex exhibits a compensatory mechanism in response to photoreceptor loss in RP.
  • Increased intracortical inhibition enhances the processing of residual visual information.
  • These findings suggest the visual cortex plays a role in maintaining residual visual sensitivity in RP.