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Whither the Third Quarter Phenomenon?

Nick Kanas1, Vadim Gushin1, Anna Yusupova1

  • 1From the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; and the Laboratory of Cognitive and Social Psychology, Institute for Biomedical Problems, Moscow, Russia.

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Crew morale may decrease in isolated environments, but this is not typical in space missions. Factors like personality and mission events influence well-being during long-duration spaceflight.

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Area of Science:

  • Space exploration
  • Human factors in extreme environments
  • Psychology of spaceflight

Background:

  • A 1991 hypothesis suggested decreased morale in isolated, confined environments during the third mission quarter.
  • Subsequent studies indicate this phenomenon is not typical in space or simulation settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate factors influencing crew well-being in isolated environments.
  • Address variability in reported morale decrements.
  • Inform research for future Mars expeditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing studies on crew morale and well-being in isolated environments.
  • Analysis of potential confounding variables.
  • Identification of research gaps for long-duration space missions.

Main Results:

  • Morale decrement is not a universal outcome in isolated and confined environments.
  • Individual differences, training, and mission-specific events significantly impact well-being.
  • Methodological issues and demand characteristics may influence study outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed third-quarter morale decrement is not consistently observed.
  • Future research must account for individual traits and mission dynamics for Mars expeditions.
  • Understanding these factors is crucial for maintaining crew health and performance.