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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Human Physiology
    • Nutritional Science

    Background:

    • Hypoxia can impair cognitive function by altering brain metabolism and reducing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production.
    • Ketone bodies offer an alternative brain fuel source to glucose, potentially maintaining ATP levels during hypoxia.
    • Ketone esters (KE) rapidly increase blood ketone levels, making them a potential strategy to counteract hypoxia-induced cognitive deficits.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of ketone ester (KE) consumption on cognitive performance during hypoxic conditions.
    • To determine if nutritional ketosis can mitigate the negative impacts of hypoxia on cognitive function.

    Main Methods:

    • A pilot study involving 11 subjects who underwent cognitive testing under normoxia and hypoxia.
    • Subjects consumed either a KE drink or a placebo control drink before testing.
    • Cognitive performance was assessed using measures including blink duration, blink rate, and a code substitution task.

    Main Results:

    • Hypoxia significantly affected blink duration and blink rate, and disrupted performance on the code substitution task.
    • Ketone ester consumption demonstrated significant effects on improving blink duration and performance on the code substitution task.
    • The study observed hypoxia with oxygen saturation levels ranging from 63% to 88%.

    Conclusions:

    • Nutritional ketosis, induced by ketone ester consumption, may help mitigate some adverse effects of acute hypoxia on cognitive performance.
    • These findings suggest that KE could be a viable nutritional strategy for individuals exposed to hypoxic environments.