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Molecular mechanisms in septic shock (Review)
Gabriel Gorecki1, Daniel Cochior2,3,4, Cosmin Moldovan2,5
1Medicine Doctoral School, 'Titu Maiorescu' University of Bucharest, 040317 Bucharest, Romania.
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
|September 10, 2021
Summary
Sepsis, a life-threatening infection response, involves complex host-pathogen interactions and systemic inflammation. Understanding its pathophysiology, especially septic shock mechanisms, is crucial for developing new treatments.
Area of Science:
- Critical Care Medicine
- Infectious Diseases
- Pathophysiology
Background:
- Sepsis is a life-threatening clinical syndrome characterized by infection and systemic inflammatory response.
- Its incidence is increasing, driven by factors like invasive devices and comorbidities.
- Sepsis results from intricate host-pathogen interactions, leading to high mortality.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the pathophysiology of sepsis and septic shock.
- To highlight the complex inflammatory pathways and host-pathogen interactions involved.
- To emphasize the need for a deeper understanding for therapeutic advancements.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of sepsis pathophysiology.
- Analysis of inflammatory pathways and microbial agents.
- Examination of mechanisms leading to septic shock.
Main Results:
- Sepsis involves activation of multiple inflammatory pathways and immune cells (monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils).
- Gram-positive cocci, Gram-negative bacilli, fungi, parasites, and viruses can cause sepsis.
- Septic shock is characterized by circulatory decompensation and metabolic disturbances, involving microvascular dysfunction.
Conclusions:
- A comprehensive understanding of sepsis pathophysiology, particularly septic shock's molecular mechanisms, is essential.
- Further research into these mechanisms can pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies.
- Improved comprehension is key to combating the rising incidence and mortality of sepsis.
