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Coupling the endophytic microbiome with the host transcriptome in olive roots.

Antonio J Fernández-González1, Jorge A Ramírez-Tejero2, María Patricia Nevado-Berzosa2

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Olive plants with different root microbiomes show distinct gene expression patterns. This study reveals a strong correlation between olive root gene expression and microbial community composition, offering a holistic view of plant-microbiome communication.

Keywords:
Actinophytocola spp.HolobiontOlea europaea L.Olive transcriptomeRoot endophytomeStress tolerance

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Area of Science:

  • Plant-Microbe Interactions
  • Molecular Biology
  • Microbiome Research
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • The holobiont framework has not been applied to study olive genetic responses to environmental factors and their impact on belowground microbiota.
  • Previous research identified two olive cultivar groups with distinct relative abundances of the bacterial genus *Actinophytocola* under uniform conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare root transcriptome profiles between olive groups with high (AH) and low (AL) *Actinophytocola* abundances.
  • To analyze rhizosphere and root-endosphere microbiota co-occurrence networks in these groups.
  • To correlate root gene expression patterns with the composition of root microbial communities.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative transcriptome analysis of olive root tissues.
  • Microbiota community profiling and co-occurrence network analysis (rhizosphere and root-endosphere).
  • Pearson's correlation and network analyses to link gene expression and microbial OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units).

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in olive root gene expression were observed between the AH and AL groups.
  • Distinct co-occurrence networks were identified for the root endosphere microbiota in each group.
  • A strong correlation was found between differential gene expression patterns and microbial community profiles, with significant interactions between 32 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 19 OTUs.

Conclusions:

  • Olive cultivars with differing *Actinophytocola* abundances exhibit distinct root transcriptomes and microbial communities.
  • A significant correlation exists between the olive root host transcriptome and its endophytic microbial community composition.
  • This study provides a holistic perspective on plant-microbiome communication in olive.