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Difference from Background: Limit of Detection

Difference from Background: Limit of Detection

The limit of detection (LOD) is the smallest amount of analyte that can be distinguished from the background noise. The LOD value corresponds to the concentration at which the analyte signal is three times larger than the standard deviation of the blank signal. Below this value, the analyte signal cannot be differentiated from the background noise. It is calculated by dividing the calibration slope by 3 times the standard deviation of the blank signals.
The LOD indicates the presence or absence...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 20, 2025

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds

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Published on: February 16, 2022

LED-Based Photoacoustic NO₂ Sensor with a Sub-ppb Detection Limit.

Juho Karhu¹, Tuomas Hieta², Farshid Manoocheri¹

¹Metrology Research Institute, Aalto University, Maarintie 8, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland.

|September 10, 2021

Summary

Researchers developed a highly sensitive nitrogen dioxide (NO2) sensor using a light-emitting diode (LED) and photoacoustic detection. This novel sensor achieves a sub-parts per billion (ppb) detection limit and enhanced stability for accurate gas monitoring.

Keywords:

NO2 high sensitivity light-emitting diode photoacoustic spectroscopy trace gas sensor

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Last Updated: Oct 20, 2025

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds

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Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing

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Published on: March 22, 2019

Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Analytical Chemistry
Sensor Technology

Background:

Photoacoustic gas sensors using incoherent light sources face limitations from background noise and drifts.
Light absorption by photoacoustic cell walls generates strong interfering signals.
Achieving high sensitivity and stability in gas detection remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate a high-sensitivity, stable nitrogen dioxide (NO2) sensor.
To overcome limitations of traditional photoacoustic gas sensors.
To achieve a sub-parts per billion (ppb) detection limit using LED-based photoacoustics.

Main Methods:

Utilized cantilever-enhanced photoacoustic detection.
Employed a white-light light-emitting diode (LED) as the light source.
Implemented a two-channel relative measurement technique with a dichroic filter to divide the spectrum.

Main Results:

Achieved a sub-ppb detection limit for NO2.
Demonstrated excellent sensor stability.
Suppressed background signal variations through relative measurement, reaching a noise level below 1 ppb with 70s averaging.

Conclusions:

This study presents the first sub-ppb detection limit for an LED-based photoacoustic NO2 sensor.
The developed method shows great potential for cost-effective and sensitive detectors for various trace gases.
LEDs offer versatility for developing detectors for a wide range of analytes.