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Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 20, 2025

An Investigation of the Effects of Sports-related Concussion in Youth Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Head Impact Telemetry System
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Pediatric concussion working memory outcomes: a scoping review.

Keelia Quinn de Launay1, Amanda Martino1, Lily Riggs1

  • 1Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada.

Brain Injury
|September 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric concussion can negatively impact working memory (WM) in children and youth. Visual/spatial WM and dual-task performance appear more vulnerable than verbal WM following mild traumatic brain injury.

Keywords:
Concussioncognitive rehabilitationmemorymild brain injurypediatricpost concussional syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pediatric neurology
  • Cognitive psychology

Background:

  • Concussion, or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), is common in children and youth.
  • Working memory (WM) is crucial for cognitive function and development.
  • Understanding the WM profile after pediatric concussion is essential for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically synthesize literature on the working memory (WM) profile in pediatric concussion.
  • To characterize the neuropsychological outcomes related to WM following concussion in individuals under 21.
  • To identify trends and specific WM deficits in youth after concussion.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a systematic literature search across major databases (MedLine, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL).
  • Included English-language studies with extractable WM outcome data in individuals aged 21 and under post-concussion.
  • Applied narrative synthesis and assessed study quality using NHLBI criteria.

Main Results:

  • 40 articles met inclusion criteria; 34 compared concussion samples to controls or norms.
  • 15 studies reported significantly lower WM performance in children and youth with concussion.
  • Visual/spatial WM and performance under dual-task conditions were more consistently impaired than verbal WM.

Conclusions:

  • Working memory (WM) is demonstrably vulnerable to negative outcomes after pediatric concussion.
  • The specific nature and extent of WM deficits following concussion can be variable.
  • Comprehensive, theoretically-driven WM assessments are recommended for clinicians and researchers.