Accelerated CXL Versus Accelerated Contact Lens-Assisted CXL for Progressive Keratoconus in Adults

To compare the clinical and tomographic properties of adult patients with keratoconus treated with accelerated corneal cross-linking (A-CXL) versus accelerated contact lens-assisted corneal cross-linking (A-CACXL).

Patients who underwent A-CXL and A-CACXL due to progressive keratoconus were enrolled from January 2015 to January 2018 in this retrospective case-control study. The treatment group (minimum corneal thickness of less than 400 µm after epithelium removal; 30 patients, 30 eyes) was treated with A-CACXL; the control group (minimum corneal thickness of 400 µm or greater, 32 patients, 32 eyes) was treated with A-CXL. Assessments occurred before treatment and 12 months postoperatively. Demographic, clinical, and tomographic data were obtained from outpatient clinic reports.

Significant improvement in visual acuity was evident at 12-month follow-up for the control group in uncorrected distance visual acuity (0.62 ± 0.42 vs 0.43 ± 0.31 logMAR, P = .01) and the treatment group in corrected distance visual acuity (0.51 ± 0.30 vs 0.40 ± 0.49 logMAR, P = .03). Progression of keratoconus was halted at similar rates for both groups (76.7% treatment, 84.4% control, P = .21). Mean minimum corneal thickness showed minor but significant thinning at the 12-month follow-up visit compared to baseline (control group = 463 ± 31 vs 450 ± 35 µm, P > .01; treatment group = 398 ± 32 vs 388 ± 41 µm, P = .02).

A-CACXL halted keratoconus progression in 76.7% of eyes and achieved regression in 33.3% of eyes, with rates comparable to A-CXL. Visual outcomes improved for both groups, with similar keratometry changes. A-CACXL is an effective and safe option for patients with keratoconus and thin corneas, with results similar to A-CXL treatment in patients with a minimum corneal thickness of 400 µm or greater. [.