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Updated: Oct 20, 2025

Robotic Taj Mahal Hepatectomy for Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma

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Update on robotic cystectomy.

Ralph Grauer¹, N Peter Wiklund

¹Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.

Current Opinion in Urology

|September 10, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) offers comparable oncological results to open surgery. Intracorporeal urinary diversion (ICUD) in RARC may reduce complications, though more research is needed.

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Area of Science:

Urology
Surgical Oncology
Robotic Surgery

Background:

Open radical cystectomy (ORC) is the standard for muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
Robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) offers comparable oncological outcomes to ORC.
RARC's primary advantages are perioperative, with potential for reduced morbidity.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent studies (2019-2021) on RARC.
To compare intracorporeal urinary diversion (ICUD) versus extracorporeal urinary diversion (ECUD) within RARC.
To analyze intraoperative and perioperative outcomes of ICUD vs. ECUD.

Main Methods:

Review of recently published literature (2019-2021).
Focus on studies comparing ICUD and ECUD in RARC.
Analysis of intraoperative and perioperative metrics.

Main Results:

RARC demonstrates equivalent oncological outcomes to ORC.
ICUD may reduce intestinal exposure and associated morbidity compared to ECUD or ORC.
Emerging retrospective data suggest ICUD benefits, but findings are conflicting; a randomized controlled trial is pending.

Conclusions:

RARC, particularly with ICUD, aims to improve patient outcomes by minimizing perioperative morbidity.
Widespread adoption of ICUD at expert centers is increasing.
Further research, including a forthcoming randomized controlled study, is crucial to clarify ICUD's impact on morbidity and inform its broader adoption.